Shoulder

• Shoulder Anatomy

  The shoulder is the most flexible joint in the body that enables a wide range of movements including forward flexion, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation, and 360-degree circumduction. Thus, the shoulder joint is considered the most insecure joint of the body, but the support of ligaments, muscles, and tendons function to provide the required stability.

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Conditions

• Shoulder Instability

  Shoulder instability is a chronic condition that causes frequent dislocation of the shoulder joint. A dislocation occurs when the end of the humerus (ball portion) partially or completely dislocates from the glenoid (socket portion) of the shoulder.

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• SLAP Tears

  The term SLAP (superior –labrum anterior-posterior) lesion or SLAP tear refers to an injury of the superior labrum of the shoulder.

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• Capsular Tears

  Injury to the capsular structures can occur in the setting of trauma or repetitive overhead movements and most commonly involves the inferior glenohumeral ligament and axillary pouch.

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• Internal Impingement/Thrower’s Exostosis

  Internal impingement is characterized by posterior shoulder pain when the athlete places the humerus in extreme external rotation and abduction as in the cocking phase of pitching or throwing.

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• RTC Tears

  The rotator cuff is a group of 4 muscles in the shoulder joint including the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

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• Shoulder Impingement

  Shoulder impingement is the inflammation of the tendons of the shoulder joint. It is one of the most common causes of pain in the shoulder. Shoulder impingement is also called swimmer’s shoulder, tennis shoulder or rotator cuff tendinitis.

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• Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

  The thoracic outlet is a small passageway leading from the base of the neck to the armpit and arm. This small area contains many blood vessels, nerves, and muscle.

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Procedures

• Shoulder Arthroscopy

  Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and surgical procedure for conditions and injuries involving the bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and muscles of the shoulder joint.

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• Capsular Repair

  Shoulder capsular repair is a surgical procedure to treat shoulder instability that does not improve with more conservative or non-surgical methods.

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• Arthroscopic SLAP/Labral Repairs

  Shoulder instability usually occurs when the lining of the shoulder joint (the capsule), ligaments or labrum become stretched, torn, or detached, allowing the ball of the shoulder joint (humeral head) to move either completely or partially out of the socket.

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• Open Laterjet

  The Latarjet procedure is an advanced procedure to treat shoulder instability caused by lack of bony support in the shoulder joint. The goal of Latarjet is to augment the glenoid with additional bone to hold the head of the humerus within the shoulder socket more securely.

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• RTC Repairs

  The rotator cuff is a group of 4 muscles in the shoulder joint including the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. These muscles originate in the scapula and attach to the head of the humerus through tendons. The rotator cuff forms a sleeve around the humeral head and glenoid cavity, providing stability to the shoulder joint while enabling a wide range of movements.

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